Guide Note: The Most Serene Republic of San Marino (Serenissima Repubblica di San Marino) is the third smallest country in Europe. Founded on September 3, 301, San Marino is surrounded by Italy and is roughly the size of Washington, DC. At the heart of this beautiful country is Monte Titano (Mount Titano), a geographic feature that provides stunning scenic views. San Marino claims to be the oldest republic in the world. The Sammarinese people believe that Marinus the Dalmatian (Saint Marinus), a stonemason from Croatia (then Rab), founded the country after fleeing from Rimini to Monte Titano. While Italy was under the occupation of Napoleon, San Marino remained free of his rule. The fact that San Marino’s reputation was one of neutrality, combined with the country’s aide to Giuseppe Garibaldi in the mid 1800s, ensured that San Marino remained an independent state once Garibaldi united the Kingdom of Italy. The government of San Marino is lead by two heads of state called Captains Regent, positions established in 1243. The Grand and General Council (Consiglio Grande e Generale della Repubblica), the legislative branch of San Marino ‘s government, elects the Captains Regent to serve a six-month term. While tourism is a major source of income for San Marino, the country also has thriving banking and manufacturing industries. San Marino is proud to be a debt-free country with one of Europe’s lowest unemployment rates. Tourists enjoy the historical sites of the Three Towers of San Marino, along with other exhibits, such as the Medieval Days festival in July. In addition, travelers enjoy tax free shopping at many of San Marino’s outlets and stores.
Fast Facts:
- Capital: San Marino
- Government: Republic
- Co-Chiefs of State: Captain Regents Mirko Tomassoni and Alberto Selva
- Secretary of State: Fiorenzo Stolfi
- Nationality: Sammarinese
- Population: ~30,000
- Currency: Euro
- Exchange Rate: ~1.52
- Official Language: Italian
- Patron Saint: St. Agatha
- Time Zone: GMT +1
- Calling Code: 378 (39 for mobile)
- Member of UN
